Displaying 101 - 110 out of 483 matching injury records.
| Submitted By | Semhal Kidane |
| Submitted On | Tuesday, February 26th, 2008 @ 23:56:19 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 1993 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | jech.bmj.com |
| Author And Journal Reference |
International Centre for Eye Health, London, UK P. Courtright D. Haile E. Kohls Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1993;47:19-22 |
| Related Countries | Ethiopia |
| Cause Of Injury | X00-X09 X10-X19 |
| Nature Of Injury | T20-T32 |
| Abstract | STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aims were (1) to review inpatient burn records of Attat Hospital (Ethiopia) for the years 1983-1989, and (2) to determine the prevalence of burns and knowledge of first aid for burns in 16 communities served by Attat Hospital in rural Ethiopia. DESIGN: A retrospective review of all records was used to describe characteristics of the inpatient with burns and cost of the service. Adult members of a systematic random sample (20%) of households from 16 communities (total population = 10,183) were interviewed. Questions focused on what to do to put out the fire, what to do for first aid for a burn, the major cause of adult and childhood burns, and a history of burn in any household member. SETTING: The study was conducted at Attat Hospital and in the surrounding Gurage-Chaha Region of West Shoa Province of Ethiopia. STUDY SUBJECTS: There were 271 burn inpatients during the 7 year period from 1983-1989; 163 households were selected for interview; there were no refusals. MAIN RESULTS: During the 7 year period the cost of tertiary inpatient burn treatment at Attat Hospital has been estimated to be US$86,366.72, of which the hospital absorbed 66%. From community based information the cumulative incidence of burns in this population was found to be 5-11%. The absence of a cumulative increase in burns over time in men suggests that female respondents may not fully recall burn histories in adult male household members. The study population possess inadequate knowledge regarding burn prevention and burn first aid. Deleterious traditional compounds were used on 32% of burn patients in the villages. CONCLUSIONS: Since most burns are related to household fires, generally in the domain of women in rural Ethiopia, women's groups may be the most appropriate setting for education on burn prevention and first aid. Burn prevention and first aid education should also be recognised as a priority in schools and in the training of community health... [more] |
| Submitted By | Semhal Kidane |
| Submitted On | Tuesday, February 26th, 2008 @ 23:49:31 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 1999 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.ajol.info |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria A. Adesunkanmi S. Oseni O. Badru West African Journal of Medicine 1999 Oct-Dec;18(4):281-5 |
| Related Countries | Nigeria |
| Cause Of Injury | W00-W19 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T19 |
| Abstract | Three hundred and five patients with falls over a period of 4 years were reviewed with the aim to determine the pattern, severity and outcome of childhood injuries from falls in our environment. The results showed that falls accounted for 25% of all childhood injuries. There were more male than female in ratio 2:1. The age ranges from 5 months-15 years with mean age of 6.15 years + or - 3.63. About 40% of the patients were preschool children. Home was the commonest site of falls in 55.3% followed by school in 38% of the patients. Falls from height accounted for 25% and at the ground level in 75% of the patients. Falls from stairs and storey buildings accounted for 68.3% of falls from height, whereas falls while playing on a ground level occurred in 83% of those whose falls were at ground level. Musculoskeletal injuries with fractures of bones were the commonest injuries sustained followed by head injuries. Fracture of lower limb bones accounted for 48% of all the bone injuries commonest bone being femur. The upper limb bones fractured occurred in 45.6%. There were two cases of skull fracture. Head injuries occurred in 6.2% of the patients and severe in 10% of the head injured patients. Other systemic injuries occurred rarely. Most of the injuries were trivial with Injury Severity Score ranges from 2-26. The mean Injury Severity Score was 2 in 235 patients (77%), 10.5 in 64 (21%), 12.5 in 4 (1.4%) and 21.5 in 2 patients(0.6%). Seventy-eight percent of the cases were treated as outpatient. Hospital stay ranges from 1-45 days with mean of 3.8 days. The hospital stay correlated very well with the Injury Severity Score. Wound Infection occurred in only 1.4% of the patients with mortality in 2 patients (0.6%) with Injury Severity Score of 17 and 26 respectively. |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Tuesday, February 26th, 2008 @ 23:44:22 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2002 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.ajol.info |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Institute for Social and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa Susanne Bender Salla Atkins Institute for Social and Health Sciences, Johannesburg, SA Mohamed Seedat Medical Research Council, Cape Town, SA Ashley van Niekerk African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention Vol.1(1) 2002: 46-54 |
| Related Countries | South Africa |
| Cause Of Injury | W00-X59 X85-Y09 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T98 |
| Abstract | This literature review identifies a selection of good practices associated with recent home visitation interventions reported to reduce childhood injury. This article also outlines a composite definition of home visitation for injury prevention and health promotion. The burgeoning injury surveillance and prevention sector has identified child injury in low-income South African communities as a public health priority, necessitating the identification, development and implementation of especially primary injury prevention interventions. Home visitation programmes have been implemented and evaluated for a number of decades. Essential good practices of home visitation are identified from these studies and publications. Initially, programme process and outcome evaluations were under utilised and poorly described. The more recent literature indicates that the success of home visitation programmes may depend on the following specific methodological components: (1) a supportive and trusting relationship between the visitor and the client; (2) a flexible the client; (3) the contextualisation of the individual within his or her environment; (4) a long-term programme with frequent visits; and (5) the application of a multi-method injury prevention approach, incorporating epidemiological, environmental, enforcement, training as well as technological products into the initiative. The utilization of non-professional members of the community to perform home visits is also an important, but more contested issue identified in the literature. The article focuses on these good practice methodological elements, discusses possible useful combinations of these elements, but also points out some of their limitations. The results of some studies remain controversial, and further investigation is needed. |
| Submitted By | Semhal Kidane |
| Submitted On | Tuesday, February 26th, 2008 @ 23:37:48 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2008 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.hasanweb.org |
| View Full Article | www.hasanweb.org |
| Author And Journal Reference |
School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya Wilson Odero "A Paper Presented at the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies on the Occasion of the World Health Day 2004." |
| Related Countries | Africa |
| Cause Of Injury | V01-V99 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T19 |
| Abstract | Each year, an estimated 1.2 million people are killed in road crashes and up to 50 million injured worldwide. (1) Road traffic injuries are currently ranked 9th globally among the leading causes of disease burden, in terms of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost. In the year 2020, road traffic injuries are projected to become the 3rd largest cause of disabilities in the world. (2) Developing countries bear the brunt of the fatalities and disabilities from road traffic crashes, accounting for more than 85% of the world's road fatalities, and about 90% of the total DALYs lost due to road traffic injuries. The problem is increasing in these countries at a fast rate, while it is declining in all industrialized nations (Western Europe, North America, Japan, Australia and New Zealand). The annual cost of road crashes is in excess of US $500 billion, and in the developing world the estimated cost is about US $65 billion each year. (3). Due to the scarcity of costing data for African countries, it is difficult to make a precise cost of road crashes in Sub-Saharan Africa. The current estimate of costs of crashes in the continent is US$ 3.7billion per year, of which South Africa alone accounts for 2 billion. However, the estimated costs as a percentage of the national Gross National Product (GNP) in most African countries range from about 0.8% in Ethiopia and 1% in South Africa to 2.3% in Zambia and 2.7% in Botswana to almost 5% in Kenya. |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Tuesday, February 26th, 2008 @ 23:37:05 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2002 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.ajol.info |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania N. Mbembati L. Museru M. Leshabari African Safety Promotion Vol.1(1) 2002: 42-45 |
| Related Countries | Tanzania |
| Cause Of Injury | X00-X09 X10-X19 |
| Nature Of Injury | T20-T32 |
| Abstract | A study was conducted in the three city hospitals of Dar es Salaam and two national referral hospitals to describe the pattern of burn injuries and to determine victims' and guardians' perceptions of the causes and prevention of burns. The study included all injured children younger than 18 years attending Mwananyamala, Ilala and Temeke city hospitals, Muhimbili National Hospital and Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute between May and November 1999. Data were obtained by filling in a prepared questionnaire. A total of 253 children attended the hospitals with burn injuries during the period of study. Children younger than five years of age constituted 63.6% of the group. Scalding from hot liquids accounted for 75.8% of the burns, followed by open flame burns (16.2%). Most burns (82.9%) occurred in low socio-economic groups, and 94.4% occurred at home. Over half of the parents (51.5%) thought that burns could not be prevented since 'accidents' are unpreventable and it is difficult to control children; 48.5% of the parents thought that burns could be prevented. There is a need to change parental and guardians' attitudes and beliefs that burns are unpreventable, if burn prevention interventions are to be effective. |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Tuesday, February 26th, 2008 @ 23:31:09 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2002 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.ajol.info |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania L. Museru M. Leshabari N. Mbembati African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention Vol.1(1) 2002: 37-41 |
| Related Countries | Tanzania |
| Cause Of Injury | V01-V99 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T19 |
| Abstract | A study was conducted to describe the pattern of road traffic injuries and associated factors among schoolaged children attending public hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between May and October 1999. The study included all children younger than 18 years, and data were collected using a structured interview guide. This article is based on an analysis of 286 children who sustained road traffic injuries out of a total of 1886 children presenting with various injuries during the study period. Almost 52% of these children were in primary school, with the most common age group between 5 and 9 years. A large majority of the children came from the poorer socio-economic residential areas of the city. Almost one-third of the victims and 36% of guardians were unaware of safer ways of walking on the road. Parents or guardians perceived the risk of road traffic injuries as low, with one-third thinking that they were not a major problem in their community. Similarly, two-thirds of guardians thought that collisions to children could not be prevented. This study demonstrates that road traffic injuries are a major problem among school-aged children in Dar es Salaam. Furthermore, the study reveals that there is significant ignorance about safe road usage among the parents or guardians of injured children, and that the majority of them think that collisions are not preventable. |
| Submitted By | Semhal Kidane |
| Submitted On | Tuesday, February 26th, 2008 @ 23:25:24 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2008 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.druglibrary.org |
| View Full Article | www.druglibrary.org |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK W. Odero A. Zwi Schaffer Library of Drug Policy, "Miscellaneous Items on Drugs and Drug Policy:References on Drugs and Driving." |
| Related Countries | Africa |
| Cause Of Injury | V01-V99 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T19 |
| Abstract | A literature review of published studies on alcohol and traffic injuries in developing countries was undertaken to examine evidence of the prevalence of alcohol. 16 studies were identified through electronic database searches from 1966 to 1994. The studies employed different measurement methods and cut-off levels of blood alcohol concentrations (BACs). 8 fatality studies reported varied BACs in drivers ranging from 33.3% to 63.2%, measured by blood analysis. In four of the studies, alcohol prevalence, tested in less than 50% of the study population, varied from 17.3% to 46%. No clear selection criteria were stated, and the representativeness of those tested could not be ascertained. In eight non-fatality studies, the proportion of intoxicated subjects, determined by blood analysis, breath tests and interviews, were considerably lower and varied widely, from 7.7% to 28.4%. Alcohol prevalence was consistently higher amongst drivers (33.3% - 69.2%) than in other road users, and over 95% of intoxicated drivers were male (95%-100%). 50% of alcohol positive subjects were aged between 20 and 30 years. From this review, evidence of the influence of alcohol in traffic injuries in developing countries is limited. Due to variable measurements and threshold BAC levels applied, direct comparison of results is inappropriate. The true prevalence of alcohol-related traffic injuries remains unknown. There is need for a standardized methodology, reliable BAC measuring devices and a uniform cut-off level. |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Tuesday, February 26th, 2008 @ 22:17:22 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2000 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.springerlink.com |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University, Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria E. Ameh Pediatric Surgery International 2000;16(5-6):388-91 |
| Related Countries | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Cause Of Injury | X85-Y09 |
| Nature Of Injury | S30-S39 |
| Abstract | Anorectal injuries (ARI) are uncommon in children in civil practice. In developed countries the injuries are mainly due to sexual abuse and firearms. This report reviews the experience in tropical Africa. A retrospective study of children aged 12 years or less managed for ARI over 10 years was undertaken. There were seven children, four girls and three boys. Four injuries were due to blunt trauma and three to penetrating trauma. Six patients presented within 6 h of injury and one after 24 h. Five had rectal bleeding, which was associated with vaginal bleeding in one girl. One girl each had vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge without rectal bleeding. Diagnosis was by rectal examination and proctoscopy. In three patients a laparotomy was necessary to exclude an intraperitoneal rectal injury (IRI); this was positive in one case. One patient with abdominal findings had a laparotomy as the primary procedure. Overall, five patients had rectal injuries (extraperitoneal 3, intraperitoneal 2), which were associated with an anal injury in three while one patient had only an anal injury. An IRI was missed at initial assessment in one girl. Associated injuries were to the vaginal wall (3), urethra (1) and head (1). IRIs were treated by repair and proximal colostomy. Extraperitoneal injuries were treated by colostomy and drainage; in two patients the injuries were accessible and were repaired. Anal and external-sphincter injuries were repaired in two cases. Vaginal lacerations were repaired and other associated injuries treated accordingly. Three patients had wound infections. Faecal continence was maintained in all patients who had anal and external-sphincter injuries. One girl died of peritonitis from a missed IRI. It is concluded that ARI remains uncommon in children. Morbidity and mortality can, however, be high. Meticulous rectal palpation and visualisation is necessary to avoid missing injuries |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Tuesday, February 26th, 2008 @ 22:05:28 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2004 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | tspace.library.utoronto.ca |
| View Full Article | tspace.library.utoronto.ca |
| Author And Journal Reference |
University of Toronto School of Medicine, Ont., Canada J. Asaria Department of Surgery, New Mulago Hospital, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda O. Kobusingye B. Khingi R. Balikuddembe Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada M. Gomez M. Beveridge Burns 2004 Feb;30(1):78-81 |
| Related Countries | Uganda |
| Cause Of Injury | X85-Y09 |
| Nature Of Injury | T20-T32 |
| Abstract | Acid burns from assault represent a substantial and neglected proportion of burn injuries in the developing world. A retrospective chart review was conducted to assess the frequency of acid burns in relation to total burns requiring admission in Kampala, Uganda. Seventeen percent of the adult burns admitted at New Mulago hospital over an 18-month period resulted from acid assault. Patients had a mean age of 33.1 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. The average extent of injury was 14.1% total body surface area (TBSA), commonly involving the face (86.7%), head and neck (66.7%), upper limbs (60.0%) and chest (53.3%). Thirty-three percent of patients suffered partial or complete blindness. Mean length of stay in hospital was 49.5 days and all patients survived. Patterns of assault followed two common trends: attacks during robberies (46.7%), and attacks associated with domestic disputes (33.3%). The Ugandan pattern is contrasted with patterns reported from Bangladesh, Cambodia and Jamaica with a view to understanding the social context underlying such assaults. Prevention of these hideous injuries will require further understanding of their underlying social and cultural determinants. Serious questions remain whether public education programs will reduce the incidence of acid assault or increase it by giving potential assailants an idea they did not have before. |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Tuesday, February 26th, 2008 @ 00:09:36 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2006 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | tva.sagepub.com |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Kent State University, Ohio, USA N. Ammar Trauma, Violence & Abuse: A Review Journal 2006 Oct;7(4):244-59 |
| Related Countries | Egypt |
| Cause Of Injury | X85-Y09 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T98 |
| Abstract | This study provides an expose of spousal abuse in Egypt in terms of its nature (prevalence, forms, risk factors, reporting), the criminal justice response, available services that deal with it, and its impact on individual women, the family, and the general societal fabric. This study is based on empirical studies, surveys, UN reports, and newspaper articles. Since the beginning of 2000, Egypt has witnessed legal, organizational, and political changes, both generally and concerning women. Some changes address the issue of spousal abuse directly, and others focus on empowering women in family and society. As a result, it is important to develop a baseline profile of spousal abuse for future research on and the evaluation of the effects of such policies and legal changes. This would enable researchers to measure over time strategies that influence change and reduce violence against women. This article provides the first step in the baseline. |
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