Displaying 131 - 140 out of 483 matching injury records.
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Friday, February 8th, 2008 @ 00:33:16 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 1997 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | pt.wkhealth.com |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Faculty of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya W. Odero International Health Division, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK P. Garner Health Economics and Financing Programme, Health Policy Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London A. Zwi Tropical Medicine & International Health, Vol. 2, No. 5, May 1997, Pgs. 445-460 |
| Related Countries | Africa |
| Cause Of Injury | V01-V99 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T98 |
| Abstract | Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults worldwide. Nearly three-quarters of road deaths occur in developing countries and men comprise a mean 80% of casualties. This review summarizes studies on the epidemiology of motor vehicle accidents in developing countries and examines the evidence for association with alcohol. |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Wednesday, February 6th, 2008 @ 00:08:54 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2005 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.sciencedirect.com |
| Author And Journal Reference |
E. Jordaan S. Atkins A. van Niekerk M. Seedat Journal of Safety Research Vol. 36, Issue 3, 2005, Pgs. 269-280 |
| Related Countries | South Africa |
| Cause Of Injury | V01-Y98 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T98 |
| Abstract | PROBLEM: Responding to the lack of standardized instrumentation, especially as applied in low-income contexts, the researchers decided that an instrument should be developed to serve as an evaluation tool for a childhood (unintentional) injury prevention program as well as a tool from which injury risks (poisonings, burns and falls) could be identified within households. Methods: Cross-sectional samples of 521 households in four low-income sites in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa, participated in the three phases of the study. The generation of an item pool based on a table of specifications, subsequent scientific item reduction procedures, reviews from experts and pilot tests were used to develop the scales for measuring the injury risks. RESULTS: The developed instrument complies with all the requirements for a valid and reliable measurement instrument. CONCLUSION: The instrument allows valid comparison of risks between communities, as well as before and after comparisons for an intervention program. Impact: The provision of this instrument may bring enormous benefits to research studies. It can also provide proactive, rather than reactive, information about injury risks before they develop into injuries and thus allows focusing of safety efforts for improvement of problematic areas in the households. |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Thursday, January 31st, 2008 @ 01:43:59 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 1999 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.sciencedirect.com |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Charles Mock Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh PA, USA Samuel Forjuoh Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA Frederick Rivara Accident Analysis and Prevention 1999 Jul;31(4):359-70 |
| Related Countries | Ghana |
| Cause Of Injury | V01-V99 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T98 |
| Abstract | To better elucidate the incidence, characteristics, and consequences of transport-related injuries in a less developed country in Africa, we undertook an epidemiologic survey in Ghana. A total of 21,105 persons were surveyed, in both an urban area (Kumasi, n = 11,663) and a rural area (Brong-Ahafo, n = 9442). In the preceding year, a total of 656 injuries were reported in the urban area and 928 injuries reported in the rural area. Transport-related mechanisms accounted for 16% of all injuries in the urban and 10% of all injuries in the rural area. The annual incidence of transport-related injuries was almost identical in the two settings, 997/100,000 persons in the urban area and 941/100,000 in the rural area. In both settings, transport-related injuries were more severe than other types of injuries in terms of mortality, length of disability, and economic consequences. In the urban area, the most common transport-related mechanisms were either to passengers involved in crashes of mini-buses or taxis (29%) or to pedestrians struck by these vehicles (21%). In the rural area, the most common transport-related mechanisms were bicycle crashes. The second most common rural mechanisms were motor vehicle crashes, which were the most severe and which involved commercial (83%) rather than private vehicles. Prevention strategies need to be different from those in developed countries and should target commercial drivers more than private road users. |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Thursday, January 31st, 2008 @ 01:38:23 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2005 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.biomedcentral.com |
| View Full Article | www.biomedcentral.com |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Candida Moshiro Ivar Heuch Anne Astrom Philip Setel Gunnar Kvale Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project and Tanzanian Ministry of Health, Tanzania Yusuf Hemed BMC Public Health Jan 2005;Vol. 5 No. 11 |
| Related Countries | Tanzania |
| Cause Of Injury | V01-Y98 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T98 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Injuries are becoming a major health problem in developing countries. Few population based studies have been carried out in African countries. We examined the pattern of nonfatal injuries and associated risk factors in an urban and rural setting of Tanzania. METHODS: A population-based household survey was conducted in 2002. Participants were selected by cluster sampling. A total of 8,188 urban and 7,035 rural residents of all ages participated in the survey. All injuries reported among all household members in the year preceding the interview and resulting in one or more days of restricted activity were included in the analysis. RESULTS: A total of 206 (2.5%) and 303 (4.3%) persons reported to have been injured in the urban and rural area respectively. Although the overall incidence was higher in the rural area, the incidence of major injuries (> or = 30 disability days) was similar in both areas. Males were at a higher risk of having an injury than females. Rural residents were more likely to experience injuries due to falls (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1 - 2.3) and cuts (OR = 4.3; 95% CI = 3.0 - 6.2) but had a lower risk of transport injuries. The most common causes of injury in the urban area were transport injuries and falls. In the rural area, cuts and stabs, of which two thirds were related to agriculture, formed the most common cause. Age was an important risk factor for certain types of injuries. Poverty levels were not significantly associated with experiencing a nonfatal injury. CONCLUSION: The patterns of injury differ in urban and rural areas partly as a reflection of livelihoods and infrastructure. Rural residents are at a higher overall injury risk than urban residents. This may be important in the development of injury prevention strategies. |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Thursday, January 31st, 2008 @ 01:18:07 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 1983 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.jtrauma.com |
| Author And Journal Reference |
D. Demetriades B. van der Veen The Journal of Trauma 1983 Dec;23(12):1034-41 |
| Related Countries | South Africa |
| Cause Of Injury | X85-Y09 |
| Nature Of Injury | S20-S29 |
| Abstract | This 2-year retrospective study of penetrating heart injury comprises 125 hospitalized patients (HP) (stab wounds) and 407 who died before arrival (DBA) (23 bullet, 384 stab wounds). The cardiac penetration sites were related approximately to the location of the entrance wound. The incidence of injury to respective intrapericardial structures related to their anatomic vulnerability; coronary artery transection was uncommon, however. Aortic lacerations caused rapid death (93% were DBA), followed by those breaching the left ventricle; atrial wounds comprised a greater proportion in HP than DBA series. Cardiac tamponade was more than twice as common in HP than DBA cases. Above all traditional signs, a high index of suspicion was an essential element in diagnosing heart injury; all such cases underwent thoracotomy without delay. Mortality results were: 14.4% for operating theater (OT) and 87.5% for emergency room (ER) thoracotomies. Prognosis amongst HP was worst for aortic (60% mortality) and best with right ventricular injury (7.5%). A 'salvage rate' of 17.1% overall, or 17.9% for stab wounds, was recorded. |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Thursday, January 31st, 2008 @ 00:43:51 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2003 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.informaworld.com |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Heinz Hundeloh Beat Hess International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, Vol. 10, Issue 3 January 2003, Pgs. 165 - 171 |
| Related Countries | Africa |
| Cause Of Injury | W00-X59 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T98 |
| Abstract | Accidents, especially accidents involving children or young people, are a key health problem that needs to find higher prominence in preventative measures. The school as the central socialisation institution plays a key role in the process of continual improvement. However, to date the prevailing approaches of technical accident prevention and behaviour-led safety training have not led to sustained improvements in the safety of children and young people. This article presents the key elements and characteristics of a new approach that not only aims to make significant improvements in safety but is also aimed at schools having an improved perception of their key role - to instruct and educate. The authors assume that greater security can only be achieved in and through schools if safety promotion is at the same time school development. In this understanding, safety promotion focuses on the key players in the school and school life itself, and in particular endeavours to strengthen relationships and behaviour that promote safety and to minimise those that can have a negative effect. It emphasises practical changes to daily school life with regard to construction and fittings, education, training, organisation and politics, and involves the needs of everybody who lives and works at the school. |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Wednesday, January 30th, 2008 @ 04:25:31 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2001 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.tandf.co.uk |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Lu-Anne Swart Mohamed Seedat Injury Control and Safety Promotion, Vol. 8, No. 4, Dec. 2001 , Pgs. 241-249 |
| Related Countries | South Africa |
| Cause Of Injury | V01-Y98 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T98 |
| Abstract | Epidemiological information identifying injury magnitude and risks is vital for the development of prevention and safety promotion programmes, especially for low income, marginalised communities where the incidence of injury tends to be disproportionately high. This paper, accordingly, reports on a household survey, conducted in an informal settlement southwest of Johannesburg, South Africa, and designed to gather epidemiological data for the purposes of informing the development of appropriate community-based injury prevention and safety promotion programmes. Data were collected for a one-year period prior to October 1998. An analysis of the data identified the causes of injuries, which residents were most at risk, and where and when injuries most often occurred. By way of conclusion, we make a few recommendations for preventive measures. |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Wednesday, January 30th, 2008 @ 00:33:19 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2003 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.springerlink.com |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Department of Surgery, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA Jana MacLeod Injury Control Center, Makerere Medical School, Kampala, Uganda Olive Kobusingye Ron Lett Fred Kirya London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Chris Frost Caroline Shulman European Journal of Trauma Vol. 29, No. 6, Dec. 2003 Pgs. 392-398 |
| Related Countries | Uganda |
| Cause Of Injury | V01-Y98 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T98 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: The public health significance of injuries that occur in developing countries is now recognized. In 1996, as part of the injury surveillance registry in Kampala, Uganda, a new score, the Kampala Trauma Score (KTS) was instituted. The KTS, developed in light of the limited resource base of sub-Saharan Africa, is a simplified composite of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and closely resembles the Trauma Score and Injury Severity Score (TRISS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The KTS was applied retrospectively to a cohort of prospectively accrued urban trauma patients with the RTS, ISS and TRISS calculated. Using ROC (receiver operating characteristics) analysis, logistic regression models and sensitivity and specificity cutoff analysis, the KTS was compared to these three scores. RESULTS: Using logistic regression models and areas under the ROC curve, the RTS proved a more robust predictor of death at 2 weeks in comparison to the KTS. However, differences in screening performance were marginal (areas under the ROC curves were 87% for the RTS and 84% for the KTS) with statistical significance only reached for an improved specificity (67% vs. 47%; p < 0.001), at a fixed sensitivity of 90%. In addition, the KTS predicted hospitalization at 2 weeks more accurately. CONCLUSIONS: The KTS statistically performs comparably to the RTS and ISS alone as well as to the TRISS but has the added advantage of utility. Therefore, the KTS has potential as a triage tool in resource-poor and similar health care settings. |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Wednesday, January 30th, 2008 @ 00:07:59 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2003 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.springerlink.com |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria Babatunde Solagberu European Journal of Trauma Vol. 29, No. 2 April 2003 Pgs. 92-96 |
| Related Countries | Nigeria |
| Cause Of Injury | W20-W49 X85-Y09 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T19 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gunshot injuries (GSI) were first reported in West Africa following the Nigerian civil war of 1967-1970. Recent wars within and around the West African subregion have further encouraged easy access to sophisticated and locally manufactured firearms. This report examines the epidemiology and management of GSI in an urban settlement in West Africa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: GSI data was collected prospectively for 24 months beginning September 1999: age, sex, velocity of gunshot, circumstances of GSI, whether accidental or intentional, and by whom (self-inflicted, police, armed robbers, and others via riots and/or students' secret cult activities), region(s) affected, operative interventions, and outcome of care. RESULTS: 107 GSI patients were seen, comprising 99 males and eight females (M : F ratio = 16.8 : 1), 79 of whom (73.8%) were analyzed comprising 71 males and eight females (M : F ratio = 9 : 1); mean age 29.9 - 13.0 years (range 5-75 years). Intentional GSI occurred in 66 cases (83.6%) - 45 from armed robbers (57.0%), the others from police gunshots, assaults, religious/communal riots, and cultists. No suicide-related GSI were recorded. Accidental GSI occurred in 13 (16.5%) - eight from hunters and five from the police. 16 of the 79 (20.3%) were high-velocity gunshots. The regions affected were extremities 29 (35.7%), multiple regions 23, chest twelve, abdomen eight, head six, and neck one. 13 deaths (16.5%) occurred, all before surgical intervention - twelve in the emergency room because of late reporting and lack of blood transfusion. Ten of the deaths (76.9%) resulted from gunshots to either the chest or abdomen. 27 patients (34.2%) were successfully treated, eleven of whom had operations, while the majority (39 patients, 49.4%) was discharged against medical advice to traditional healers for bullet extraction. CONCLUSION: Wars in West Africa have caused a high incidence of GSI in peace times through armed robbery. Suicide-related... [more] |
| Submitted By | Marunga Iryne |
| Submitted On | Tuesday, January 29th, 2008 @ 23:59:46 PST -0800 |
| Article Publication Year | 2004 |
| Visit Journal Web Site | www.springerlink.com |
| Author And Journal Reference |
Department of General Surgery and Traumatology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands Ezekiel Odelowo1 Babatunde Solagberu Adedeji Adekanye Chima Ofoegbu Sulyman Kuranga Ukpong Udoffa Lukman Abdur-Rahman European Journal of Trauma Vol. 28, No. 6 Jun 2002 Pgs. 365-369 Feb. 19, 2004 |
| Related Countries | Nigeria |
| Cause Of Injury | V01-Y98 |
| Nature Of Injury | S00-T98 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Data on trauma in Nigeria requires updating just as trauma care needs coordination and organization. This study was done to examine the clinical spectrum of trauma and to propose measures for organization of trauma care. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 2-year prospective report of an ongoing trauma research is presented. Data obtained from September 1999 to December 2000) include name, age, sex, presenting diagnosis at the accident and emergency (A and E) unit, injury-arrival time, ode of transportation of patients to the hosptial, and the outcome of care. RESULTS: Trauma patients comprised 2,913 of the 4,164 (70.0%) surgical patients seen in the A and E but 129 of 171 deaths (75.4%). Types of trauma were lacerations (585 patients, 20.1%), fractures (542, 18.7%), head injury (250, 8.6%), multiple injuries (249, 8.6%), burns (159, 5.5%), and others. Road traffic accidents (RTA) occurred in 1,816 patients (62.3%), falls in 308, assaults in 258, burns in 159, home accidents in 122, gunshot injuries in 107, industrial accidents in 73, and foreign body injuries in 70. There was no pre-hospital care. Transport to the A and E was done by relations, the police and a few Good Samaritans. Most of the patients reached the hospital in < 6 h. Common mortalities were from head injury (37 patients, 28.7%), multiple injuries (35, 27.1%), fractures (12, 9.3%), and burns (9, 7.0%). Of 106 deaths with timed records, 22 (20.7%), 56 (53.0%) and 28 (26.3%) occurred in 0-1 h, > 1-24 h and > 24 h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The spectrum of trauma is predominantly RTA-related, hence, trauma care organization would include prevention of RTA, organization of pre-hospital care aimed at transport time of < 2h, training volunteers from the populace and the police as emergency medical services technicians for resuscitation during transport and getting patients to hospital in optimal state, and an enhanced in-hospital care by designation and categorization of hospitals.... [more] |
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